نشریه یافته های نوین کشاورزی
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 31، بهار 1393)

In order to study of some agronomic and morphological attributes affecting grain yield in spring bread wheat genotypes and also, to identify and introduce superior cultivars, an experiment was conducted in 2010 at the farm of Moghan Agricultural Faculty, univ. of Mohaghegh Ardabili Plant material included 27 wheat cultivars and 2 lines were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The analysis of variance showed that among genotypes for all traits studied had significant difference in level %1 probability. Shiroudi cultivar the average grain yield(5370kg/ha), 1000grain weigth(37/4gr) and number of grains per spike(47/3) was higher than other cultivars. Akbari cultivar of biological yield and number of spike (m2), had the highest average. Biologic yield, spike length (cm) and number of grain per spike showed a significant positive correlation with grain yield. Biological yield had a significant positive correlation with plant height (cm), spike length (cm) and number of grain per spike. Because of the inverse relationship between yield components, number of spike (m2) showed a significant negative correlation with number of grains per spike. Path Coefficients Analysis showed biologic yield have the most direct effect (r=0.65) on grain yield. the principle component analysis, the first four component justified, %81 of the total variation. Biologic yield, spike length (cm) and number of spike(m2), have important role in explanation the first component. The results of cluster analysis were grouped 29 genotypes into 4 clusteres. The Shiroudi, Nick-Nejad and Alborz cultivars of grain yield and some traits studied than other cultivars, had higher average and the top varieties were introduced.

to evaluate the effect of plant dencity in light extinction coefficient and in performance of sorghum varieties, three level of grain sorghum varieties has been studied at reaserch farm of Azad Islamic university, saveh-branch in 1386 year. In this experiment mention cases selectes in the randomized block design and arranged in the form of factorial experiment. These are including three level of grain sorghum varieties (Including speed feed, jumbo and kimia) at three dencities 130,150,190 thousand in plant/hec. Results of this experiment showed that effect of Plant dencities create a significant differences in seed numbers, 1000 seed weight, seed performance and light extinction coefficient.The best performance was 2838 kg/ha and belonged to dencity 190 thousand plant /ha. By increasing the dencity, number of seeds in panicule and 1000 seed weight decreased significantly.. In case of seed number in panicule, 1000 seed weight, seed performance and extinction coefficient sorghum varieties showed significant differences.. Maximum and minimum seed number in panicule was in jumbo and kimia varieties respectively. Maximum Light extinction coefficient (K=0.55), belonged to,190000 Plants/hectar dencity and jumbo cultivare. Minimum of light extinction coefficient (K=0.47) belonged to 130000 Plants/hectar and speed feed cultivare is.At list maximum of seed performance was belong to 190 dencity thousand plant/hec and jambo cultivare.

Foliar spray one of the best method to rice grain enrichment and Zn deficiency in daily diet resulted many problem and disorders. In order a experimental was carried out with purpose study effect of different amount zinc sulfate fertilizer on three important quality factor include amylase, temperature of gelatination, gel consistency and grain Zn concentration on Shiroudi cultivar in 2010 at tonekabon rice research station with 5 treatment zero, 2,4,6 and 8 per thousand spray zinc sulphate on randomized complete block design with four replications. Sprayed in three stages one month after transplanting seedling to the main field after flowering and milky stage were performed. The result showed zinc sulphate foliar spray significantly influence on AC, GT and Zn grain enrichment (p 0.05) and GC (p 0.01). Results of this experiment showed Zn can conversion glucose and sucrose to starch and affected on grain qualitative factors thus direct and indirect¬ affect on GC and GT.

To study the effects of supplemental irrigation and varieties on yield and other morphological traits, peas, experimental research farm in 1389 in agricultural research stations were run Boroujerd. Irrigation including irrigation at flowering stage, flowering and pod + pods week week and pea varieties include Vision, free and Hashem split plot experiment in a randomized complete block design in three replicates were compared. In this study, irrigation at flowering stage performance + highest pods week (3 / 1458 kilograms per hectare) compared to other irrigation in the experiment was. the figures ideals and free performance and more characters other significant difference and superiority to figure Hashem had. the study of stepwise regression characteristics variables, economic performance, harvest index and gap formation of the first pod from the soil surface with R2 = 0 / 996 Most justify produced models for the dependent variable yield biologically had entered the model. Also, for dependent variable economic performance, harvest index, biological yield, distance form the first pod from the soil surface and pods in the main stem with R2 = 0 / 998 into the regression model was. Analysis of the path indicated that the economic performance of most direct impact and gap formation of the first pod from the soil surface less direct effect and the highest indirect effect on the performance of biological showed. Analysis of correlation indicated that the most significant correlation between biological and economic performance is performance. Also with all the traits of biological functions and economic performance had a significant positive correlation. Among these traits, traits hollow pods negative correlation with other traits and meaningful self-revealed.

In order to study the effect of potassium fertilizer under drought stress conditions on growth and forage quality of kochia (Kochia scoparia L.) a field experiment was conducted in split plot design based on complete randomized block with three replications at the Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Zabol, in 2011. The main plots were included three irrigation levels as follows irrigation after 50 percentage depletion of soil water (I1, control), irrigation after 70 percentage depletion of soil water (I2) and irrigation after 90 percentage depletion of soil water (I3), and sub plots were included four levels of potassium fertilizers (control, 75, 150 and 225 kg.ha potassium sulfate). The results showed that drought stress reduced fresh and dry weight, plant height, dry matter digestibility, crude protein and increased water soluble carbohydrate forage. The potassium fertilizer, increased fresh and dry weight, plant height, dry matter digestibility forage, but both treatments had no effect on number of branches. The maximum amount of fresh and dry weight, plant height, dry matter digestibility, water soluble carbohydrate and number of secondary branches forage obtained from treatment with application 225 kg.ha potassium fertilizer. The interaction of experimental factors on all traits was significant except on number of secondary branches. In general, the results of this experiment showed that the highest quantitative and qualitative forage yield obtained from irrigation after 50 percentage depletion of soil water (control) and application of 225 kg.ha potassium fertilizer.

In this research some of physiological parameters and ion uptake and accumulation of halophyte plant Aeluropus littoralis were investigated. Experiment design was randomized complete block design in greenhouse condition in Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Universitywith with five salt levels (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 dS/m) and three replicates in 2010. Some parameters such as plant pigments٫ soluble sugar concentrations and starch and sodium and potassium content in three parts of plant (leaves, stems and roots) were determined. Results indicated that increasing of salinity significantly decreased chlorophyll a٫ b٫ a+b and carotenoeids content. Starch amount increased up to 20 dS/m and then markedly declined. By contrast٫ soluble sugars decreased up to 20 dS/m and then significantly increased. Salinity also significantly affected sodium and potassium content in plant organs so that with increasing salinity, sodium content significantly increased but potassium content declined. Results also showed that in high levels of salinity, sodium concentrations in roots are more than shoots. Under salt stress, sodium might returns from aerial organs to roots or maybe it is because of limiting transfer of sodium from roots to shoots and save it in roots as a mechanism of salt resistance. These results showed that Aeluropus littoralis as a halophyte plant could resistants salinity up to 20 dS/m and then with increasing salt stress, starch was broken down and produce soluble sugars to help osmotic adjustment to tolerate against salinity.

To investigate the effect of physical treatments on stand establishment, phenology and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Alvand)) under different sowing dates an experiment was conducted in Tabriz, Iran. The wheat seeds were treated by ultrasonic, laser, magnetic field, gamma and beta irradiations for 3.5 and 5 min. and were sown on dates of 27th September and 17th October. All the seed priming treatments improved the coefficient of uniformity of emergence compared with non-primed seeds. Seedling vigor index responded positively and significantly to seed priming agents. There was no significant difference among laser, gamma and beta irradiations with a view to time from sowing to harvesting. Wheat seeds primed by magnetic fields, ultrasonic waves and lower exposure time of gamma irradiation had high chlorophyll in leaves. There is no significant difference between seed yields from sowing dates of 27th September and 17th October, and the yield ranged from 334 g.m-2 in average of control; laser and beta irradiations and higher exposure time of gamma up to 480.1 g.m-2 in other treatments. It is concluded from the study that wheat seed priming by magnetic fields, ultrasonic waves and lower exposure time of gamma irradiation can be effectively used to improve the crop performance and yield especially in late sown plants.

Peppermint is an important medical plant which contains essential oil that has many usages in different industry. Nitrogen and phosphor are considered to be the most limiting factors of the plant's growth after the factor of water. Chemical fertilizers which are so much used to remove the shortage of these two elements have destructive environmental effects and reduce the quality of crops. Today, using biological fertilizers are considered to be the most suitable strategy to prevent the dangers of chemical fertilizers. This experiment was carried out in the form of factorial based on the Complete Randomized Block Design with four repetitions and two treatments, one of which is Nitrogen fertilizer including three levels of Super Nitro Plus biological fertilizer containing bacteria such as Azospirillum which controls the path of the soil-organism's genetic factors (Basillus sp) and PGPR, plant growth provocative (Pseudomonas flurescens), Nitroxin biological fertilizer containing different doses of Azospirillum bacteria, and Urea chemical fertilizer (300 kg/ha) and also phosphor fertilizer in three levels of Barvar II biological fertilizer containing phosphor releasing bacteria accompanying with Ammonium de phosphate fertilizer (125 kg/ha), Barvar II biological fertilizer and Ammonium de phosphate chemical fertilizer (250 kg/ha) in the agronomical year 1387 in the researching farm of Islamic Azad University of Arak. The results of the mentioned experiment demonstrated that the Super Nitro Plus biological fertilizer and in the second place, Nitroxin cause the significant improvement of the fresh and dry weight of offshoot also amount and efficiency offshoot's essential oil. The combinational treatment of Barvar II and Ammonium de phosphate causes significant improvements of the essential oil efficiency of offshoot. The combinational treatment of Super Nitro Plus and Barvar II causes the significant improvement of offshoot's fresh weight. Also, decreasing the chemical phosphor fertilizer consumption up to fifty percent becomes possible through employing phosphor-releasing bacteria without any significant decline in the growth characteristics and plant essential oil efficiency.